* Change content-type to be always computed from file data
Restore previous behavior, detecting the content-type isn't very
expensive, and some instances may serve files as application/octet-stream
regardless of their true type, making fetching media from them fail, while
it used to work pre-3.2.0.
* Add test
Conflicts:
- `app/javascript/mastodon/actions/compose.js`:
Not a “real” conflict, but change too close to a change we made to
fix the vanilla WebUI locally pushing authored local-only toots in the
public TL view.
* Fix not handling Undo on some activity types when they aren't inlined
When receiving an Undo for a non-inlined activity, try looking it up in
database using the URI. The queries are ad-hoc because we don't have a global
index of object URIs, and not all activity types are stored in database with
an index on their URI.
Announces are just statuses, and have an index on URIs, so this check can
be done efficiently.
Accepts cannot be handled at all because we don't record their URI at any
point.
Follows don't have an index on URI, but they have an index on the issuing
account, which should make such queries largely manageable.
Likes don't have an index on URI, they have an index on the issuing account,
but the number of favs per account may be very high, so I decided not to
handle that.
Blocks don't have an index on URI, but they have an index on the issuing
account, which should make such queries largely manageable.
In all cases, if an Undo could not be handled properly, we call `delete_later!`
because that does not require us to know more than the URI of the undone
property.
* Add tests
* Make newer blocks overwrite older ones
Allows re-synchronizing block info by re-blocking and un-blocking again
when the original Undo Block has been lost.
* Add tests for some cachable responses
This only covers responses that we should have managed to make cachable
so far. It's not the case of all responses that should be cachable in
the end.
* Fix RSS feeds not being cachable
Conflicts:
- `app/javascript/packs/public.js`:
Conflict because part of that file has been split to
`app/javascript/core/settings.js`. Ported those changes
there.
* Change move handler to carry blocks and mutes over
When user A blocks user B and B moves to a new account C, make A block C
accordingly.
Note that it only works if A's instance is aware of the Move, that is,
if B is on A's instance or has followers there.
* Also notify instances with known people blocking you when moving
* Add automatic account notes when blocking/muting an account that had no note
Conflicts:
- `.env.production.sample`:
Upstream deleted it, I decided to keep it.
- `package.json`:
Upstream updated a dependency textually too close to wavesurfer.js
which has been deleted from upstream but is kept in glitch-soc for now.
* Add UserNote model
* Add UI for user notes
* Put comment in relationships entity
* Add API to create user notes
* Copy user notes to new account when receiving a Move activity
* Address some of the review remarks
* Replace modal by inline edition
* Please CodeClimate
* Button design changes
* Change design again
* Cancel note edition when pressing Escape
* Fixes
* Tweak design again
* Move “Add note” item, and allow users to add notes to themselves
* Rename UserNote into AccountNote, rename “comment” Relationship attribute to “note”
- Change audio files to not be stripped of metadata
- Automatically extract cover art from audio if it exists
- Add `thumbnail` parameter to `POST /api/v1/media`, `POST /api/v2/media` and `PUT /api/v1/media/:id`
- Add `icon` to represent it in attachments in ActivityPub
- Fix `preview_url` containing URL of missing missing image when there is no thumbnail instead of null
- Fix duration of audio not being displayed on public pages until the file is loaded
Conflicts:
- `app/controllers/activitypub/collections_controller.rb`:
Conflict due to glitch-soc having to take care of local-only
pinned toots in that controller.
Took upstream's changes and restored the local-only special
handling.
- `app/controllers/auth/sessions_controller.rb`:
Minor conflicts due to the theming system, applied upstream
changes, adapted the following two files for glitch-soc's
theming system:
- `app/controllers/concerns/sign_in_token_authentication_concern.rb`
- `app/controllers/concerns/two_factor_authentication_concern.rb`
- `app/services/backup_service.rb`:
Minor conflict due to glitch-soc having to handle local-only
toots specially. Applied upstream changes and restored
the local-only special handling.
- `app/views/admin/custom_emojis/index.html.haml`:
Minor conflict due to the theming system.
- `package.json`:
Upstream dependency updated, too close to a glitch-soc-only
dependency in the file.
- `yarn.lock`:
Upstream dependency updated, too close to a glitch-soc-only
dependency in the file.
* Split media cleanup from reject-media domain blocks to its own service
* Slightly improve ClearDomainMediaService error handling
* Lower DomainClearMediaWorker to lowest-priority queue
* Do not catch ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound in domain block workers
* Fix DomainBlockWorker spec labels
* Add some specs
* Change domain blocks to immediately mark accounts as suspended
Rather than doing so sequentially, account after account, while cleaning
their data. This doesn't change much about the time the block takes to
complete, but it immediately prevents interaction with the blocked domain,
while up to now, it would only be guaranteed when the process ends.
Conflicts:
- `Gemfile.lock`:
Not a real conflict, just a glitch-soc-only dependency too close to a
dependency that got updated upstream. Updated as well.
- `app/models/status.rb`:
Not a real conflict, just a change too close to glitch-soc-changed code
for optionally showing boosts in public timelines.
Applied upstream changes.
- `app/views/layouts/application.html.haml`:
Upstream a new, static CSS file, conflict due to glitch-soc's theming
system, include the file regardless of the theme.
- `config/initializers/content_security_policy.rb`:
Upstream dropped 'unsafe-inline' from the 'style-src' directive, but
both files are very different. Removed 'unsafe-inline' as well.
* Improve RSS entries for statuses
- Render polls in both accounts and tags serializers
- Refactor RSS serializers
- Change title preview to include ellipsis when truncated
- Change title preview to show CW instead of toot text
- Add tests
* Remove title from OEmbed serialization
Twitter doesn't serialize title either, and tihs allows us to move the
title formatting code to the RSS serializers.
Conflicts:
- `app/controllers/statuses_controller.rb`:
Upstream disabled the embed controller for reblogs.
Not a real conflict, but glitch-soc has an extra line to deal
with its theming system.
Ported upstream changes.
- `app/javascript/packs/public.js`:
Upstream made changes to get rid of most inline CSS, this changes
javascript for public pages, which in glitch are split between
different files. Ported those changes.
- `app/models/status.rb`:
Upstream changed the block check in `Status#permitted_for` to
include domain-block checks. Not a real conflict with glitch-soc,
but our scope is slightly different, as our scope for
unauthenticated access do not include instance-local toots.
Ported upstream changes.
- `app/serializers/rest/instance_serializer.rb`:
Not a real conflict, upstream added a new field to the instance
serializer, the conflict is one line above since we added more of
that.
Ported upstream changes.
- `app/views/settings/profiles/show.html.haml`:
Upstream got rid of most inline CSS and moved hidden elements
to data attributes in the process, in fields were we have
different values.
Ported upstream changes while keeping our glitch-specific
values.
- `app/views/statuses/_simple_status.html.haml`:
Upstream got rid of inline CSS on an HAML line we treat
differently, stripping empty text nodes.
Ported upstream changes to the style attribute, keeping
the empty text node stripping behavior.
Conflicts:
- `app/javascript/mastodon/features/compose/components/poll_form.js`:
Upstream bumped poll option character limit, but we already had
a higher one, kept ours.
- `app/validators/poll_validator.rb`:
Upstream bumped poll option character limit, but we already had
a higher one, kept ours.
- `config/initializers/content_security_policy.rb`:
Upstream added a rule, the way we compute ours is different, but
that added rule has been ported.
- `package.json`:
No real conflict, dependency update. Performed the same update.
- `yarn.lock`:
No real conflict, dependency update. Performed the same update.
Also:
- Fix locks not being removed when jobs go to the dead job queue
- Add UI for managing locks to the Sidekiq dashboard
- Remove unused Sidekiq workers
Fix#13349
Mastodon enforces the “sensitive” flag on media attachments whenever a toot
is posted with a Content Warning. However, it does so *after* potentially
converting the Content Warning to toot text (when there is no toot text),
which leads to inconsistent and surprising behavior for API clients.
This commit fixes this inconsistency.
Conflicts:
- `README.md`:
Our README.md files are completely different. Discarded upstream changes.
- `app/javascript/core/admin.js`:
Updating rails-ujs, no real conflict, but a comment to close to changed
code. Various glitch-soc-only files have been updated to match those changes,
though.
- `package.json`:
No real conflict, just an additional dependency in glitch-soc that was too
close to something updated upstream. Took upstream's changes.
Conflicts:
- `app/controllers/api/v1/statuses_controller.rb`:
Conflict due to upstream adding a new parameter (with_rate_limit),
too close to glitch-soc's own additional parameter (content_type).
Added upstream's parameter.
- `app/services/post_status_service.rb`:
Conflict due to upstream adding a new parameter (rate_limit),
too close to glitch-soc's own additional parameter (content_type).
Added upstream's parameter.
- `app/views/settings/preferences/appearance/show.html.haml`:
Conflict due to us not exposing theme settings here (as we have
a different flavour/skin menu).
Took upstream change, while still not exposing theme settings.
- `config/webpack/shared.js`:
Coding style fixes for a part we have rewritten.
Discarded upstream changes.
Conflicts:
- `Gemfile`:
We updated httplog in a separate commit.
Took upstream's change which updated it further.
- `Gemfile.lock`:
We updated httplog in a separate commit.
Took upstream's change which updated it further.
- `app/lib/sanitize_config.rb`:
Upstream added better unsupported link stripping,
while we had different sanitizing configs.
Took only upstream's link stripping code.
- `config/locales/simple_form.pl.yml`:
Strings unused in glitch-soc had been removed from
glitch-soc, reintroduced them even if they are not
useful, to reduce the risk of later merge conflicts.
Instead of returning a signature verification error, pretend there
was no signature (i.e., this does not allow access to resources that
need a valid signature), so public resources can still be fetched
Fix#13011
* Add announcements
Fix#11006
* Add reactions to announcements
* Add admin UI for announcements
* Add unit tests
* Fix issues
- Add `with_dismissed` param to announcements API
- Fix end date not being formatted when time range is given
- Fix announcement delete causing reactions to send streaming updates
- Fix announcements container growing too wide and mascot too small
- Fix `all_day` being settable when no time range is given
- Change text "Update" to "Announcement"
* Fix scheduler unpublishing announcements before they are due
* Fix filter params not being passed to announcements filter
Conflicts:
- `Gemfile.lock`:
No real conflict, glitch-soc-only dependency (redcarpet) too close to an
upstream one (rdf-normalize)
- `README.md`:
we have different READMEs, discarded upstream's changes
- `app/views/admin/custom_emojis/index.html.haml`:
No real conflict, different context because of glitch-soc theming
- `lib/mastodon/statuses_cli.rb`:
Upstream added code to keep bookmarked statuses, we were already doing so
with slightly different code. Discarded upstream's changes.
- `package.json`:
No real conflict, glitch-soc-only dependency (favico.js) too close to
an upstream one
* Fix wrong grouping in Twitter valid_url regex
* Add support for xmpp URIs
Fixes#9776
The difficult part is autolinking, because Twitter-text's extractor does
some pretty ad-hoc stuff to find things that “look like” URLs, and XMPP
URIs do not really match the assumptions of that lib, so it doesn't sound
wise to try to shoehorn it into the existing regex.
This is why I used a specific regex (very close, although slightly more
permissive than the RFC), and a specific scan function (a simplified version
of the generalized one from Twitter).
* Remove leading “xmpp:” from auto-linked text
Fixes#12795
It was already possible to create domain blocks for TLDs, but those
weren't enforced, nor editable. This commit changes it so that they
are enforced and editable.
Conflicts:
- `app/controllers/application_controller.rb`:
Conflict due to theming system.
- `app/controllers/oauth/authorizations_controller.rb`:
Conflict due to theming system.
* Add feature test that tests behaviour of profile name and bio
* Fix rubocop style errors in Login Spec.
* DRY log_in_spec by reusing the stories helper
Co-authored-by: Eugen Rochko <eugen@zeonfederated.com>
* Hide blocked, muted, and blocked-by users from toot favourite lists
* Hide blocked, muted, and blocked-by users from toot reblog lists
* Hide blocked, muted, and blocked-by users from followers/following (API)
* Fix tests
* Hide blocked, muted, and blocked-by users from followers/following on public pages
This changes the REST API to return unicode domains in the `acct`
attribute instead of punycode, and to render unicode instead of
punycode on public HTML pages as well.
Fix#7812, fix#12246
Conflicts:
- `config/locales/en.yml`
No real conflict, upstream added a translatable string “too close” to
one specific to glitch-soc
- `lib/mastodon/statuses_cli.rb`
Fixes made upstream, while changed in glitch-soc to keep bookmarked statuses
- `package.json`
No real conflict, additional dependency in glitch-soc
* Remove “protocol” argument and return value, as only ActivityPub is supported
* Remove FetchRemoteAccountService, only use ActivityPub::FetchRemoteAccountService
* Fix tests
* Revert "Fix ignoring whole status because of one invalid hashtag (#11621)"
This reverts commit dff46b260b.
* Fix statuses being rejected because of invalid hashtag names
* Add spec for invalid hashtag names in statuses
* Add test for featured tags controller
This adds support for Event AP type in Mastodon. Events are converted
into toots by taking their title (AS name) and their URL (AP ID). Event
picture is also brought in if available.
Testable by fetching event content from https://test.mobilizon.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Citharel <tcit@tcit.fr>
Conflicts:
- package.json
Not really a conflict, caused by an additional dependency in glitch-soc.
- yarn.lock
Not really a conflict, caused by an additional dependency in glitch-soc.
* Add follow_request notification type
The notification type already existed in the backend but was never pushed
to the front-end. This also means translation strings were also available
for the backend, from the notification mailer.
Unlike other notification types, these are off by default, to match what
I remember of Gargron's view on the topic: that follow requests should not
clutter notifications and should instead be reviewed at the user's own
leisure in the dedicated column.
Since follow requests have their own column, I've deemed it unnecessary to
add a specific tab for them in the notification quick filter.
* Show follow request link in single-column if there are pending requests, even if account isn't locked
* Push follow requests from notifications to the follow_requests list
* Offer to accept or reject follow request from the notification
* Redesign follow request notification
* add youtube oembed endpoint
* add check for oembed endpoint
* change unless for a more readable if
* clear blank lines
* endpoint via https
* Fix string literal in condition
* use cache for endpoints
* use cache for endpoints
* clean up and adding check
* clean up and remove redundant return
* add html check
* add false to return
* use double quotes
* use double quotes
* Clean up
* make it not return http 400 when passing and empty source argument
* create a spec for the empty source hash bug
* compact checks for nil, empty? parameters
* use nil.blank? instead checking for nil
* Add backend support for bookmarks
Bookmarks behave like favourites, except they aren't shared with other
users and do not have an associated counter.
* Add spec for bookmark endpoints
* Add front-end support for bookmarks
* Introduce OAuth scopes for bookmarks
* Add bookmarks to archive takeout
* Fix migration
* Coding style fixes
* Fix rebase issue
* Update bookmarked_statuses to latest UI changes
* Update bookmark actions to properly reflect status changes in state
* Add bookmarks item to single-column layout
* Make active bookmarks red
Conflicts:
- `app/javascript/mastodon/features/compose/components/poll_form.js`
conflict because of the poll option limit being different than upstream's
* Fix being able to follow oneself by moving to an account that was following the old one
* Add specs
* Add spec to catch MoveWorker issue with local followers following both accounts
* Fix move worker breaking when a local account follows both source and target accounts
* Fix migration from remote to local account not sending Undo Follow
* Fix show_reblogs not being preserved for moved account's followers
Conflicts:
- README.md
- app/helpers/statuses_helper.rb
Upstream moved account helpers to their own file, we had extra
helpers there, moved too.
- app/lib/sanitize_config.rb
- app/models/user.rb
- app/serializers/initial_state_serializer.rb
- config/locales/simple_form.en.yml
- spec/lib/sanitize_config_spec.rb
Change the behaviour of remotable concern. Previously, it would skip
downloading an attachment if the stored remote URL is identical to
the new one. Now it would not be skipped if the attachment is not
actually currently stored by Paperclip.
Fetching statuses from all followed accounts at once takes too long
within Postgres. Fetching them one by one and merging in Ruby
could be a lot less resource-intensive
Because the query for dynamically fetching the home timeline is so
heavy, we can no longer offer it when the home timeline is missing
Conflicts:
- app/models/media_attachment.rb
Upstream raised max image size from 8MB to 10MB while our limit is
configurable. Raised the default to 10MB.
* Add test to handle suspended and missing users in BootstrapTimelineService
* Fix BootstrapTimelineService crashing when bootstrapped accounts are invalid
It's possible that after commit callbacks were not firing when
exceptions occurred in the process. Also, the default Sidekiq
strategy does not push indexing jobs immediately, which is not
necessary and could be part of the issue too.
* Add nodeinfo endpoint
* dont commit stuff from my local dev
* consistant naming since we implimented 2.1 schema
* Add some additional node info stuff
* Add nodeinfo endpoint
* dont commit stuff from my local dev
* consistant naming since we implimented 2.1 schema
* expanding this to include federation info
* codeclimate feedback
* CC feedback
* using activeserializers seems like a good idea...
* get rid of draft 2.1 version
* Reimplement 2.1, also fix metaData -> metadata
* Fix metaData -> metadata here too
* Fix nodeinfo 2.1 tests
* Implement cache for monthly user aggregate
* Useless
* Remove ostatus from the list of supported protocols
* Fix nodeinfo's open_registration reading obsolete setting variable
* Only serialize domain blocks with user-facing limitations
* Do not needlessly list noop severity in nodeinfo
* Only serialize domain blocks info in nodeinfo when they are set to be displayed to everyone
* Enable caching for nodeinfo endpoints
* Fix rendering nodeinfo
* CodeClimate fixes
* Please CodeClimate
* Change InstancePresenter#active_user_count_months for clarity
* Refactor NodeInfoSerializer#metadata
* Remove nodeinfo 2.1 support as the schema doesn't exist
* Clean-up
* Change silenced accounts to require approval on follow
* Also require approval for follows by people explicitly muted by target accounts
* Do not auto-accept silenced or muted accounts when switching from locked to unlocked
* Add `follow_requests_count` to verify_credentials
* Show “Follow requests” menu item if needed even if account is locked
* Add tests
* Correctly reflect that follow requests weren't auto-accepted when local account is silenced
* Accept follow requests from user-muted accounts to avoid leaking mutes
Conflicts:
- Gemfile
- app/controllers/api/v1/search_controller.rb
Conflict because we changed the number of default results to be
configurable
- app/lib/settings/scoped_settings.rb
Addition of a new “noindex” site-wide setting,
conflict due to our change of the two other site-wide settings
(default flavour and skin instead of theme)
- spec/controllers/application_controller_spec.rb
Addition of a new “noindex” site-wide setting,
conflict due to our change of the two other site-wide settings
(default flavour and skin instead of theme)
Conflicts:
- app/views/directories/index.html.haml
Upstream has redesigned the profile directory, and we
had a glitch-soc-specific change to hide follower counts.
Ported that change to the new design.
Conflicts:
- app/models/status.rb
- app/services/remove_status_service.rb
- db/schema.rb
All conflicts were due to the addition of a `deleted_at` attribute
to Statuses and reworked database indexes.
The reason for unattaching media instead of removing it is to support
delete & redraft functionality, but remote or staff-removed statuses
will never be redrafted, so the media should be deleted immediately
* Add more accurate hashtag search
Using ElasticSearch to index hashtags with edge n-grams and score
them by usage within the last 7 days since last activity. Only
hashtags that have been reviewed and are listable can appear in
searches, unless they match the query exactly
* Fix search analyzer dropping non-ascii characters
* Add more accurate account search
When ElasticSearch is available, a more accurate search is implemented:
- Using edge n-gram index for acct and display name
- Using asciifolding and cjk width normalization on display names
- Using Gaussian decay on account activity for additional scoring (recency)
- Using followers/friends ratio for additional scoring (spamminess)
- Using followers number for additional scoring (size)
The exact match precedence only takes effect when the input conforms
to the username format and the username part of it is complete, i.e.
when the user started typing the domain part.
* Support single-letter usernames
* Fix tests
* Fix not picking up account updates
* Add weights and normalization for scores, skip zero terms queries
* Use local counts for accounts index, adjust search parameters
* Fix mistakes
* Using updated_at of accounts is inadequate for remote accounts
* Add database columns for adding notes to domain blocks/restrctions
* Add admin UI to set private and public comments when blocking a domain
* Add text for private and public comments on domain blocks
* Show domain block comments in admin UI
* Add comments to the domain block undo page
* Make UnblockDomainService more robust regarding upgraded domain blocks
* Allow editing domain blocks
* Rename button from “undo domain block” to “view domain block” in account admin UI
* Change test to unsilence silenced users from upgraded blocks
Fix#271
Add back the `GET /api/v1/trends` API with the caveat that it does
not return tags that have not been allowed to trend by the staff.
When a hashtag begins to trend (internally) and that hashtag has
not been previously reviewed by the staff, the staff is notified.
The new admin UI for hashtags allows filtering hashtags by where
they are used (e.g. in the profile directory), whether they have
been reviewed or are pending reviewal, they show by how many people
the hashtag is used in the directory, how many people used it
today, how many statuses with it have been created today, and it
allows fixing the name of the hashtag to make it more readable.
The disallowed hashtags feature has been reworked. It is now
controlled from the admin UI for hashtags instead of from
the file `config/settings.yml`
* Change hashtag search to only return results that have trended in the past
A way to eliminate typos and other one-off "junk" results
* Fix excluding exact matches that don't have a score
* Fix tests
* Check to make sure usernames with '.' cannot be created
* Add test for instance actor account name conflicts
This makes sure that migration 20190715164535_add_instance_actor
won't fail if there's already an account that is named the same
as the domain (minus the .)
* Put the test into the correct context...
* Add another test to split this into two validations
* Don't delete periods when validating username uniqueness (#11392)
The 20190715164535_add_instance_actor migration fails if there's
already a username similar to the domain name, e.g. if you are
'vulpine.club' and have a user named 'vulpineclub', validation
fails.
Upon further review, usernames with periods are dropped by the
regular expression in the Account class, so we don't need to
worry about it here.
Fixes#11392
Allow access to account settings, 2FA, authorized applications, and
account deletions to unconfirmed and pending users, as well as
users who had their accounts disabled. Suspended users cannot update
their e-mail or password or delete their account.
Display account status on account settings page, for example, when
an account is frozen, limited, unconfirmed or pending review.
After sign up, login users straight away and show a simple page that
tells them the status of their account with links to account settings
and logout, to reduce onboarding friction and allow users to correct
wrongly typed e-mail addresses.
Move the final sign-up step of SSO integrations to be the same
as above to reduce code duplication.
* Play animated custom emoji on hover in status
* Play animated custom emoji on hover in display names
* Play animated custom emoji on hover in bios/bio fields
* Add support for animation on hover on public pages emojis too
* Fix tests
* Code style cleanup
* Add support for an instance actor
* Skip username validation for local Application accounts
* Add migration script to create instance actor
* Make Codeclimate happy
* Switch to id -99 for instance actor
* Remove unused `icon` and `image` attributes from instance actor
* Use if/elsif/else instead of return + ternary operator
* Add instance actor to fresh installs
* Use instance actor as instance representative
Use instance actor for forwarding reports, relay operations, and spam
auto-reporting.
* Seed database in test environment
* Fix single-user mode
* Fix tests
* Fix specs to accomodate for an extra `Account`
* Auto-reject follows on instance actor
Following an instance actor might make sense, but we are not handling that
right now, so auto-reject.
* Fix webfinger lookup and serialization for instance actor
* Rename instance actor
* Make it clear in the HTML view that the instance actor should not be blocked
* Raise cache time for instance actor as there's no dynamic content
* Re-use /about/more with a flash message for instance actor profile
* Add a spam check
* Use Nilsimsa to generate locality-sensitive hashes and compare using Levenshtein distance
* Add more tests
* Add exemption when the message is a reply to something that mentions the sender
* Use Nilsimsa Compare Value instead of Levenshtein distance
* Use MD5 for messages shorter than 10 characters
* Add message to automated report, do not add non-public statuses to
automated report, add trust level to accounts and make unsilencing
raise the trust level to prevent repeated spam checks on that account
* Expire spam check data after 3 months
* Add support for local statuses, reduce expiration to 1 week, always create a report
* Add content warnings to the spam check and exempt empty statuses
* Change Nilsimsa threshold to 95 and make sure removed statuses are removed from the spam check
* Add all matched statuses into automatic report
ThibG
Eugen Rochko
Ben Lubar
dependabot-preview[bot]
Takeshi Umeda
Taras Gogol
Yamagishi Kazutoshi
guigeekz
abcang
Alexander
Bèr Kessels
Thomas Citharel
Dimitri Merejkowsky
Gomasy
Jennifer Glauche
BSKY
Tao Bror Bojlén
Yusuke Nakamura
ysksn
Rey Tucker